This book deals with the migration of Jews and New Christians to Pernambuco, a State in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The first wave of migrations occurred in the 16th century, when Jews came with the Portuguese as colonizers. In the 17th century, when the Dutch occupied Pernambuco, there was another wave of migration, this time, consisting mostly of Sephardic Jews from Holland, who set up the first Jewish community in Recife the capital of Pernambuco. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th there was another major migration of Jews from all over Europe to the Americas. Once again a Jewish community was set up in Pernambuco. The book focuses on the decision to migrate, the migration itself, and the processes of acculturation or interculturation of Jewish identity in the host society. The first part, which deals with the earliest community, is based on secondary sources on the period, whilst, for the study of the more recent community, information obtained using oral history techniques is used. It was observed that integration was possible because of changes in culture and religion, by way of processes called the secularization of religion as a religion, and the sanctification of Judaism as culture . Seeing the migration as a permanent move, the immigrants, both as individuals and as a group, were very willing to accept change, and, in terms of religious practices, redrew the boundaries between the home and the public sphere. In the course of successive waves of migration, otherness and affirmation of identity have been persistent themes. In Colonial Brazil, Jews were excluded from their countries of origin, for not being Christians. In the 20th century, they were rejected because they were Jews living in a European society. Adjustments had to be made to the relationship between the I (the Jew) and the other (the Brazilian citizen) in terms of relations, values, and beliefs. These adjustments helped construct the identity of the Jewish Brazilian, which has now come to replace that of the Brazilian Jew. (Translated from Portuguese by Paul Webb)